Plutarchs Aims and Achievements as a Biographer Essay -- English Lite

A critical study of a significant aspect or aspects of Plutarch's aims and achievements as a biographer -To what extent does Plutarch achieve his aims for the lives of Marius and Caesar? We are able to establish Plutarch's aims in creating his biographies by looking at his background and influences. Plutarch was born in Greece to a wealthy established family. He was well educated, studying rhetoric in Athens, and then travelled to Rome where he established connections with some important political figures. Despite being an outsider (a Greek), Plutarch accepted Roman aristocratic tradition as well as the moralising of some key Roman figures. This is reflected in the 'Lives' which in effect provide moral guidelines, prescribing how one should live a virtuous life. He viewed himself as an artist or moraliser rather than a historian, believing, "It is not so much history that we are writing but lives."[1] Plutarch was deeply into the platonic approach to ethics, and therefore was also influenced by Socrates. Plato was a pupil of Socrates who claimed that the most important thing in life was to know how one should live; an emphasis on moral conduct was therefore passed down to Plutarch. He is fascinated not only by great deeds and battles but, "often a little matter, like a saying or a joke,"[2] which can be more revealing in terms of character and virtue. Plato's philosophy was about the search for absolute standards of truth and moral certainty and almost all of his works are about ethics, or moral philosophy. His aim was therefore to create a, "revelation of virtue or vice,"[3] intending to "shape the life of each man"[4] in terms of moral not financial or political stature, and hopes the reader gains... ...against him but achieved less (although still a few) of his aims in the 'Life of Caesar'. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Plutarch, Fall of the Roman Republic, Alexander, 1.1-3, Penguin [2] Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3, [3] Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3, [4] Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3, [5] Russell, p105 [6] Russell, Plutarch quote, p80 [7] Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3 [8] Plutarch, Marius [3] [9] Plutarch, Marius [7] [10] Plutarch, Marius [9] [11] Plutarch, Marius [2,5] [12] Plutarch, Marius [10] [13] Plutarch, Marius [45] [14] Plutarch, Marius [46] [15] Plutarch, Marius [7] [16] Plutarch, Marius notes by Robin Seager [17] Plutarch, Alexander, 1.1-3 [18] Plutarch, Marius [6] [19] Plutarch, Marius [46] [20] Plutarch, Caesar [1] [21] Cicero [22] Plutarch, Caesar [69]

The Comeback of Caterpillar – What are the dynamics of competition in the heavy construction equipment industry?

When the US construction industry grinded into an economic downturn, demand for Caterpillar products decreased. The major decrease in the US industry is the result of the completion of the interstates, giant dams, and other construction buildings. Hydraulic excavators are very big market. They accounted for 45 percent of the sales. They are the fast selling equipment that can create competition between the companies. Developing Nations played an important role in the competition, because the need for construction equipments increased to shape the new dams and especially to make roads. The growth rates of developing nations were faster than the global demand so developing nations becomes the new market areas for competition. One of the biggest competitions takes place in the replacement parts sector. It is an essential part of the industry. Replacement parts made up together over a quarter of the total revenues of the total construction equipment industry. Also the sales of replacement parts are more profitable than the whole machines. Construction Companies competed to provide the best parts for the best needs. It is vital for companies to achieve an economies of scale to survive in the competition. To achieve economics of scale, companies try to capture a large market share in order to eliminate the low volume of global sales. Distribution and service network is the essential part of the industry because the inability to operate the equipment is very expensive. To gain competitive advantage by selling parts, companies used a worldwide network of dealerships to sell their machines and provide support. Intense competition among the companies drove them to form alliances to share risks, to access new markets, use technology and share production. Oil prices are very important because decline in oil prices can depressed the market and could affect the competition directly. Currency Fluctuations affects the industry as a whole. Rise in the value of dollar makes other countries buying power decrease, which results as an import to the country The imports will be much cheaper than the domestic products, therefore industry will shift to import from other countries. Strong currency is the prime factor for companies such as Caterpillar to have trouble while competing for developing countries. Cyclical Nature of the construction equipment could make an industry wide downturn for both domestic and international markets. 2. What were the sources of Caterpillar's spectacular success up to the early 1980s? The major reason of the spectacular success of Caterpillar up to the early 1980's was the post-war years. Those were the times to reconstruct the countries that were destroyed in the wars. As a result Caterpillar products exploded during those times to rebuild Europe, build the US interstate highway system, erect the giant dams of the third world, and layout the major airports. Also Caterpillar Company followed some strategies during those times to differentiate itself from its competitors by producing reliable, high quality products and providing a fast delivery of replacement parts. As a result Caterpillar became the leader of the heavy construction equipment industry. On the other and Caterpillar's distribution and relationship with their dealers contributed to the company's world wide success. The vision of Caterpillar for their deal network was very unique. Those dealers were self sustaining businesses who invest their own capital. They generally earn 100 percent of their revenues by selling and supporting Cat equipment. By doing those Caterpillar dealers remained in the hands of the same family and helped the company to make huge success. 3. What were the strategies introduced by Schaefer, Fites, and Barton to reduce the impact of cyclical downturns on Caterpillar's results? George Schaefer * Global Outsourcing; Caterpillar sought to purchase parts and components from low cost suppliers, who maintained high quality standards. Under their new policy â€Å"shopping around the world,† they moved to outsource 80 percent of its parts and components. * With the help of its branding program Caterpillar sold outsourced machines under its own name. Branding program helped the company to keep production costs down while taking a superior marketing organization advantage. * As the demand for heavy equipment decreased Caterpillar needed to reevaluate its product mix and create a broader product line. Caterpillar started to sale light construction equipment. â€Å"Between 1984 and 1987, accordingly, Caterpillar doubled its product line from 150 to 300 models of equipment introducing many small machines that ranged from farm tractors to backhoe loaders.† They also started to market light weight vehicles to small scale owner operations and new contractors. * Schaefer promoted open communication strategy, which resulted the free flow of ideas between officers, managers, and production workers. * Also Schaefer launched the Employee Satisfaction Process (ESP), which helped the company to organize in work teams, met weekly with management and offered suggestions that helped to solve many critical aspects of the manufacturing process. The program resulted in productivity gains, quality improvements, and increased employee satisfaction. * Schaefer also launched a plant modernization program with just in time inventory method. This led the company to have computerized tools, and flexible manufacturing systems. They also changed the traditional manufacturing process system called â€Å"batch†. Unlike in batch systems assembly lines provided complete model production and helped the company to achieve high level of work in progress. * Correcting the assembly mistakes Caterpillar reconfigured the layout of its manufacturing system into flexible work cells. Workers used computerized machine tools to perform several manufacturing steps. * As general Schaefer reemerged the company as a lean, technological, flexible, and competitive global company. He increased the company shares up to 7 percent, while increased the revenues by 66 percent, Donald Fites * Fites turned the company into a utilizing integrated approach based, Japanese style company. He also wanted to bring Caterpillar's labor relations to the Japanese model, because Japanese unions are company based organizations. * He also looked deeply into the customer needs, because global pricing decisions center didn't have a broad knowledge about the local market conditions around the world. He delegated district offices authority to set prices which helped him to push responsibility down the chain of command to the lowest possible level. * He applied the same principle to Caterpillar's entire structure, developing a company wide reorganization plan under Schaefer's direction. Caterpillar's old organization structure was only suitable in US, but as the company expanded globally the limitations of such structure become apparent. * Fites broke the company into 17 semi-autonomous divisions in order to operate necessarily and to gain the company flexibility. He then required each division to have 15 percent rate of return, on the other hand he threatened to penalize any division that fell behind. This helped the company to increase their profits and give them maximum flexibility. * In addition to all those, Fites developed a new plan, which based all of its incentive compensation schemes on return on assets. As traditionally Caterpillar managers were paid in proportion to the size of the budget they controlled, or the number of employees they supervised. Also all funding, and R&D activities that controlled by each division helped the company to be more customer driven than at any other period in past. * New organization plan affected the company's distribution network as well. With the help of new divisions, dealers seeking help could contact them easily. The importance of this structure was the interaction between Caterpillar's managers and dealers increased. It also enabled the company and dealers to have closer relationships to each other. According to Fites Caterpillar's distribution system was the company's single greatest advantage over it's competitors. * Another strategy for Caterpillar was to protect its dealers against failure. Caterpillar assisted individual dealers who were subject to intense price competition. To help those dealers Caterpillar reduced prices even sometimes reduced the dealer's costs, and sometimes they launched a promotion campaign. All those helped the company to sell more vehicles and create sustainability when other dealers went out of business during the recession. * Not only they helped their dealers but also they introduced â€Å"Partners in Quality† program to have quality discussions, which links personnel at Caterpillar plants and dealerships. This helped the company to have strong personal business ties with the dealers. * Fites invested to upgrade the Caterpillar's worldwide computer network. It helped Caterpillar to link together all factories, suppliers, sealers, distribution channels and customers. With the help of this system Caterpillar guaranteed 48 hours delivery of parts anywhere in the world. Caterpillar provided the most comprehensive and fastest part delivery system in the industry. Also electronic alert system developed under Fites. This system designed to monitor machines remotely identify parts, which needed to be replaced, and replace them before they failed. This helped the company to repair the machines before they broke down. They saved repair costs, it also provided to Caterpillar reduce their inventory costs. * Fites expanded the products of the company. Caterpillar entered a total of 38 mergers and joint venture agreements. Caterpillar sold engines separately and accounted for 35 percent of Caterpillar's revenues. This is a very big market and Caterpillar engines powered one third of the big trucks in the United States. * Fites wanted to reject the collective bargaining agreement, because the labor costs are very high and they were cutting the company's global competitiveness. The labor prices were very high and Caterpillar was heavily depended on the export of domestically manufactured products. After he rejected the agreement union went to strike. But Fites forecasted the strike and he built up enough inventory to supply customers for about six months. * Fites was a very successful CEO; he trained managers and office workers to operate factory machinery, when the strike happened again he was prepared again. His ability to see the answer before the question earned company lots of money. * At last he got what he wanted. He signed a contract with the union allowing Caterpillar to introduce two tier wage system and pay new employees 70 percent of the starting union scale. The contract also provided more flexible schedule format allowing management to keep employees on the job longer than eight hours. The contract also enabled company to hire temporary employees without the approval of the union. * Fites wanted to have good relationship with the union because incase of an economic downturn and an recession he wanted to have a smooth workforce. Glen Barton * He believed that the downturn of the US market could be eliminated by an upturn in the international market. * He increased sales of Caterpillars equipment to the developing nations such as Asia, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. By doing this he created new markets for the company. * He made non truck engines incase of a decline in the truck engines. Such diversification enabled the company to produce engines even the truck engine part offset. * Under the leadership of Barton, Caterpillar started to sell mobile power modules. * Caterpillar started to rent business equipment. Barton made efforts to make dealers diversify into rentals. As successful as it is the rental distribution segment of the fastest growing segment. * He also used joint ventures to expand into new markets, and he was very successful. He formed joint ventures with Daimler Chrysler and started to produce medium duty engines. He also started to manufacture fuel systems. Those fuel systems were designed to increase efficiency of diesel engines and thereby reduce diesel emissions.

Essay Poems Dealing with Parent/Child Relationships

Poems Dealing with Parent/Child Relationships All of these poems deal with parents’ relationships with and reflections on their children. Show how the poets bring out their feelings through use of theme, language, imagery and structure The relationship between parent and child is one of great mystery and also profundity. Love can survive a lifetime but can also falter within a second, though the love of a parent for their child, their offspring, no matter what, is eternal and unconditional. Though it is hard to express a love so full of devotion, so powerful it can survive generations, in to a few simple words. Yet here we have three poems written over four centuries expressing the author’s love for their child. Although the†¦show more content†¦This poem was decidedly more upbeat than the pre twentieth century texts, although all are focused on the same particular aspect of parental love. She is, during the poem, trying to express her anticipation of the birth of something that she had created and how she feels about continuing the ever-changing circle of life. She tries to convey with a number of images what she feels about the child’s development and how she sees it as much more than anoth er life developing inside her. It starts with the line ‘Clown like, happiest on your hands’, which immediately indicates that the mother sees her baby as something to rejoice in, that perhaps make her laugh. We also have the image of the way a clown tumbles around during circus performances; perhaps a reference to way the child is positioned in the womb. This is the first of many images used to describe the child as the mother in her own mind sees it. Feet to the stars and moon-skulled is perhaps the first reference to indicate that the baby is still yet to be born, but is still in the stages of development in the mother’s womb. 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Marlene Eskind Moses, a principal of MTR Family Law in Nashville, states children not living with both biological parents are more likely to experienceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Those Winter Sundays And Eating Together 1702 Words   |  7 PagesTogether† focus on the death of the father of the narrator. Each poem also details briefly how the narrator has chosen to respond to his or her father’s death. One takes a particularly regretful stance on the issue, whereas the other focuses more on appreciating the time shared. This essay will explicate each poem, compare these explications, and compare the writers themselves. â€Å"Those Winter Sundays† uses imagery to help set the tone of the poem well, which showed the narrator’s regret over the father’sRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My Papa s Waltz By Theodore Roethke1020 Words   |  5 PagesSundays, by Robert Hayden, are two of the most famous American poems dealing with the theme of fatherhood. Each of them detail the narrator’s own experience with their fathers and some things are the same about them and some are different. That is what makes poetry unique. There are millions of poems out there so some may appear to be the same upfront, but they always have a factor that separates them from the rest. Both of these poems focus on vivid memories of each poet s’ fathers, but the speakerRead MoreRobert Frost s Life Through Poetry1745 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 23, 2016 Robert Frost Reflects Life Through Poetry It is easy to express your emotions, and feelings through poetry. Which is exactly what Robert Frost has done through his entire career. Each poem Robert Frost has written, has meaning behind it all. He has gone through an extreme amount of events, and tragedies in his life. Frost has been through an unimaginable amount of losses, deaths, and loneliness throughout his years. 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Being lucky enough to have caring parents can definitely be a factor in both a child’s confidence and social behavior. Caring parents contributes to a child’s sense of security by creating a stable and loving environment for them meanwhile boosting their self-esteem. In the poem Those Winter Sundays author Robert Hayden sRead MoreSylvia Plath836 Words   |  4 Pagespost-World War II time period and expressed her feelings towards her father and husband through her poetry. Plath’s mental illness had a dramatic influence upon her work in which she demonstrated the hatred she had for her father specifically. The poe m â€Å"Daddy† is an easily applicable example. Within this piece of work, Plath uses direct references to how she feels towards her father who was the greatest influence on her poetry. 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Frailty A Condition of the Elderly - 1460 Words

Frailty Introduction ‘Frailty thy name is woman emotionally refers to his mother Hamlet (Act 1, Scene 2). While the term â€Å"frailty† has been around for a while, the use of it in a medical literature has only been evolving in the past 30 years. However, condition with similar meaning, was described back in 1914 in a publication â€Å"The Diseases of Old Age and their Treatment† (Nascher, 1914). In this publication Nascher describes a condition of his elderly patients as â€Å"senile disability† or â€Å"senile cachexia† manifesting in general physical weakness and mental impairments as a result of the aging process. Later, several authors use term â€Å"Failure to Thrive† while describing a multifactorial state of decline in elderly (Kimball et al., 1995; Robertson et al., 2004; Sarkisian et al., 1996). The search term â€Å"frail elderly† in PubMed.gov generated 8384 results indicating great interest by clinicians and researchers in this topic. However , despite the interest there is considerable uncertainty regarding the concept and definition of frailty (Bergman et al., 2007). Frailty is â€Å"one of those complex terms – like independence, life satisfaction, and continuity – that trouble gerontologists with multiple and slippery meanings† (Kaufman, 1994). Since there is no one accepted operational definition of frailty, it is impossible to enumerate frail persons in the population. Therefore, prevalence of frailty varies widely depending on its definitions and patient selection. One EuropeanShow MoreRelatedEssay On Msk790 Words   |  4 Pagesosteoporosis, and musculoskeletal pain as neck pain or low back pain–have significantly affected both on aging’s health and individual’s cost of care9,10,75. Additionally, MSK is the pivotal key of increasing yearly living disability (YLDs) in the elderly population9,75. 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The Occupational Therapy Student ( Ots ) - 1132 Words

The purpose of this pre-class assignment is for the occupational therapy student (OTS) to analyze strengths and weaknesses in emotional intelligence (EI) skills prior to entering the leadership course. These skills will facilitate the OTS’ ability to provide the appropriate therapeutic skills clients will need during the occupational therapy (OT) process, as well as contribute to the development of the OTS’ leadership skills. This assignment will overview the OTS’ results in the Emotional Quotient Self-Score Questionnaire (EQSSQ) and compare and contrast results with traits of leadership and therapeutic modes utilized in OT practice (â€Å"Emotional Quotient Self-Score Questionnaire†, n.d.). EQSSQ Results The EQSSQ assesses the quality of skills including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and social skills (See appendix A). The OTS scored 31 on self-awareness. The OTS reported strength in skills of evaluating limitations, identifying level of pressure, and admitting unreasonable behaviors. The OTS reports the need for improvement on expressing confidence in self and work, managing level of pressure, autonomous decision making. The OTS scored a total of 43 on self-management skills. The OTS reports good selfmanagement and emotional regulation skills such as maintain a calm appearance when a situation becomes uncomfortable, and self- initiating tasks. The OTS believes she can improve on accepting criticism non-defensively, adjusting rapidly to change, and stayingShow MoreRelatedThe American Occupational Therapy Association993 Words   |  4 Pagessense of urgency among the stakeholders, such as occupational therapists, educators, OT students, and parents. The sense of urgency can be established by pointing out possible consequences of not specifying OTs as school mental health providers under the NCLB. 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Intelligent Design Vs Evolution Essay Example For Students

Intelligent Design Vs Evolution Essay TheoryThis short report will give you a short summary on evolution and how it myaffect us, or even surroundings. Also, how it my affect our food chain and ifone thing would die how the other would suffer because of that, for an exampleif you had snakes and birds and if snakes were to die birds population woulddrop. Why, because birds feed on snakes. Now a part of the food chain containssomething called niche now you are asking what that is, so I guess that Iwill answer that question, it basically what the organism will do in the foodchain. A food chain is how in the worlds animals, people, parasites, andinsects get all of their food ,and what predators will eat them.. Plus, it hasto do with how all of the organisms on this earth, and maybe; not to beinsulting, but to those who believe in Extra Terrestrial, and how all of thesecame to our extraordinary planet. But, there is a man by the name of Darwin nonot the cartoon, but a man who I think might believe in God , yes God ,but Godof T hunder maybe any God but not the one that I think really counts. ThisDARWIN who is kind of dumb, believed that everything on this earth came fromnothing. Now, what Darwin really doesnt know is how nothing came fromnothing. What they call people who believe in this dumb theory are calledDarwinist. So I guess you could call these people pessimist or at least him. Onthe other hand there are people who believe in what you, me, and almost all ofthe intelligent people would believe in these people are calledcreationist. Are creationist believe that there were things that put thisnothing on the earth. Now since this is creative writing, I can not understandhow people can tolerate this nonsense on how there was nothing and how itcreated Dinosaurs etc So in a way he did kind of believe in evolution he justcould not understand that animals came from a creator and not from a particle. If you were to take your imagination, picture being in a food chain. Noweverybody know that humans dont eat human in the present day but ifhumans were in the food chain and we did not have a Martins or a 7UP we wouldhave to kill for our food. Now in times were there where cavemen they had tofight for the food and eat raw meet. If the President Bill Clinton said that wedo not have a food supply and we had to hunt and we did not have guns or anytype of weapons. What we have to do is work and fight, and then we would be abig part of the food chain and had to hunt every day. Now this is crazy, but wedont have to hunt but I guess we are a Scavenger because we get meat atstores, prey because sharks, and Predators have eaten us because we hunt. Alsonot lead you in the wrong way but we are in the food chain right know. Manycreatures may have similar characteristics. This doesnt mean they evolved fromone ancestor. All animals can change to a certain extent, which can explaindifferent breeds o f the same species. However, they are limited by their genesand stuff like that. Although genetic mutations rarely occur, they must be takeninto account. Most genetic mutations are harmful, but the Theory of Evolutionrequires that some were beneficial. This cant be true. For example, a fish,which mutates at the beginning of its life, might grow a small part of a lung. .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .postImageUrl , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:hover , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:visited , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:active { border:0!important; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:active , .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6 .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39add4e9e9ac2915ad02141effd334f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tension in Poetry Sample EssayRather than benefiting the fish, the lung would be a useless organ. The fishwill succumb to natural selection because it is not as fit as other fish. Thisis true for any other genetic mutation. This also has to do with evolution andthe way an animal can change maybe just be eating something. The Theory ofEvolution says the oldest layers of rock should be under younger layers, whichmakes sense. Parts of the theory are illustrated by the standard geologiccolumn, but there are a few things wrong with the standard geologic column. Lawrence O. Richardss book It Couldnt Just Happen says there is no place onEarth where the standard geologic column can be seen. Plus, sometimes rocks thatare

Story Group Pressure free essay sample

If someone asked you to jump off a bridge with two of your friends, would you do it? Peer pressure is defined by social pressure from members of ones peer group to take a certain action, adopt certain values, or otherwise conform in order to be accepted. There are many types of peer pressure; a common one is group pressure. Drunk driving is defined as operating a motor vehicle after consuming alcohol. This is often caused by stupidity or even peer pressure. Your peers influence you a lot in a negative or positive way. In these two short stories by Rodney Stark and Theresa Conroy the characters fall under peer pressure, which leads to both a negative and positive outcome. Although these two stories are complete opposite from each other, through further analysis one can gather that you should be yourself and not follow in ones footsteps, be a leader. We will write a custom essay sample on Story Group Pressure or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Group pressure affects everyone involved in the situation. Whether it’s harming or helping others, your still being affected. In the short story Group Pressure by Rodney Stark an experiment was tested on a group of people to show visual perception done by Solomon Asch. In this experiment, Asch gathers two large decks of cards with different lengths of lines on them. One card will display the correct line while the other cards won’t have the correct length line. As being shown the crowd has to decide which card they think is the closet length to the actual card, the crowd will then shout out their answers. As this experiment was proceeding you pretend you’re one of the subjects. Everyone in front of you is picking the same answer as you, your confidence is boosted. You now feel like you know every answer and there’s no doubt in your mind that you can possibly get one wrong. As the experiment gets harder the other subjects are calling out different answers, answers different then yours. But your 100 percent that your right, this is when your confidence and self esteem goes down. Should you just agree with everyone else? Or should you just say your answer because you know your right? So many thoughts going through ones head. In this experiment the ubject decides to stick to their answer, and your correct. Its better to be a leader than a follower. Not only can peer pressure be affected in situations like this, it can also be a cause of something much more dangerous such as drinking and driving. The short story A Drunken Ride, a Tragic Aftermath by Theresa Conroy and Christine M. Johnson is another example of peer pressure. This short story was about a g roup of high school boys that just graduated going to an after party that involved underage drinking. Going to this party these boys had plans on getting intoxicated but no plans on getting home. As the party went on these four boys decided they got bored half way through and wanted something to eat, so they convinced their friend that drove to go and get food even though he had been drinking. He knew it was a bad idea but he didn’t want to let down his friends. With all the bribing that was being done by his friends he finally cave in. The outcome of this situation was these four boys didn’t make it to their destination, on their way there they got into a car accident leading to all but ones death. With all being said, you should never fall for peer pressure, if you know something is wrong why do it and get yourself into trouble? There are always consequences that will be faced with wrong doings. Peer pressure is so complex, yet fundamental to life. Even though it can take us through the toughest times and lead one to hollow, it can also construct our character and confidence level to make better decisions. All in all, it will always exist and be a problem that should be explained. We can avoid some of the negative peer pressure if we evaluate our surroundings a lot more carefully, and turn it into positive peer pressure but ignoring others and being ourselves. Were known as individuals not a group.